What are the examples of ionophores?
Ionophore compounds include monensin (Coban, Rumensin, Rumensin CRC, Kexxtone), lasalocid (Avatec, Bovatec), salinomycin (Bio-cox, Sacox), narasin (Monteban, Maxiban), maduramicin (Cygro), laidlomycin (Cattlyst), and semduramicin (Aviax).
What drugs are ionophores?
Commercially available ionophores include monensin (Coban and Rumensin), lasalocid (Avatec and Bovatec), salinomycin (Bio-cox and Sacox), narasin (Monteban and Maxiban), maduramicin (Cygro), semduramicin (Aviax), and laidlomycin propionate (Cattlyst).
What do ionophores do?
Ionophores are a class of antibiotics that are used in cattle production to shift ruminal fermentation patterns. They are not bactericidal (they do not kill the bacteria); they simply inhibit their functionality and ability to reproduce.
Where are ionophores present?
Many ionophores are lipid-soluble entities that transport ions across the cell membrane. Ionophores catalyze ion transport across hydrophobic membranes, such as liquid polymeric membranes (carrier-based ion selective electrodes) or lipid bilayers found in the living cells or synthetic vesicles (liposomes).
Are ionophores used in humans?
Because ionophores are not used in humans, it is widely assumed that their agricultural use will not impact human health. Consequently, these drugs have not been subject to the same regulations as medically important antibiotics.
Why are ionophores Fed?
Ionophores are feed additives used to improve animal body weight gain and feed efficiency in beef cattle diets. These additives alter rumen metabolism and aid in the reduction of acidosis, bloat, and coccidiosis. They are fed in small amounts, and feed or mineral supplements can be used as routes of administration.
Are ionophores VFD?
In conclusion, ionophores are a non-medically relevant class of antibiotics; thus, they are not regulated by the VFD and are considered safe and efficacious for use in cattle feed.
Are ion channels ionophores?
There are two types of ionophores; mobile ion carriers, which are small molecules that physically shield the ion from the surrounding environment and facilitate its movement across the plasma membrane, and channel-forming ionophores, which create a pore in the biological membrane to allow the ion to pass through.
What is Carrier ion?
Definition. noun, plural: ion carriers. An ionophore that facilitates transport of ion through a hydrophobic medium, such as lipid bilayer of cell membranes, by binding to and shielding the ion to prevent the ion from getting in contact with the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer.