How is isoniazid metabolized?
INH is metabolized via acetylation in the liver. Older adults who are slow acetylators of the drug may require lower doses to achieve effective serum concentrations and prevent adverse effects.
Does isoniazid cause elevated liver enzymes?
Therapy with isoniazid is associated with transient serum aminotransferase elevations in 10% to 20% of patients, and levels rising above 5 times the upper limit of the normal range (ULN) in 3% to 5%.
How is dapsone metabolized?
Dapsone is primarily metabolized by two methods: N-acetylation and N-hydroxylation. Dapsone is acetylated in the liver by N-acetyltransferase to MADDS, and subsequently deacetylated back to DDS by arylacetamide deacetylase.
Why does isoniazid cause hepatitis?
Chronic INH hepatotoxicity results in the induction of hepatocyte apoptosis, with associated disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA strand breaks. The most likely biochemical mechanism is that the metabolism of INH produces reactive metabolites that bind and damage cellular macromolecules in the liver.
What does isoniazid INH do?
Isoniazid and Rifapentine (INH-RPT) are medicines used together to treat LTBI. They kill the sleeping TB germs before they make you sick. It can take many months for the medicine to kill the TB germs because they are strong.
Is isoniazid metabolized in the liver?
Isoniazid (INH) is highly effective for the management of tuberculosis. However, it can cause liver injury and even liver failure. INH metabolism has been thought to be associated with INH-induced liver injury.
How does isoniazid damage the liver?
How effective is isoniazid (INH) for tuberculosis?
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Isoniazid (INH) is highly effective for the management of tuberculosis. However, it can cause liver injury and even liver failure.
Can isoniazid cause liver damage?
Isoniazid (INH) is highly effective for the management of tuberculosis. However, it can cause liver injury and even liver failure. INH metabolism has been thought to be associated with INH-induced liver injury.
What type of drug is isoniazid?
Background Isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH; PubChem ID 3767) [1] is a first-line anti-mycobacterial agent used to treat active or latent tuberculosis (TB) infections generated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis[2–4].
What is the nihmsid for isoniazid pathway?
NIHMSID: NIHMS784771 PMID: 27232112 PharmGKB Summary: Isoniazid Pathway, Pharmacokinetics (PK) Daniel J. Klein,a,cSotiria Boukouvala,dEllen M. McDonagh,aScott R. Shuldiner,aNicola Laurieri,eCaroline F. Thorn,aRuss B. Altman,a,band Teri E. Kleina Daniel J. Klein aDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, California, USA